有限空间作业人员生理状态监测设备研制

为监测有限空间作业人员异常生理状况,进而保障有限空间作业安全与作业人员生命健康,在分析手腕处6个测量位置信号质量的基础上,获得最佳信号采集位置,并结合事故成因,从光电容积脉搏波(PPG)信号中提取心率、脉搏周期、振幅等生理参数作为评价指标,研制一款针对有限空间特殊作业人群的手腕处脉动生理信息监测设备;并进行系统稳定性测试。研究结果表明:手腕内侧中心位置为信号最佳采集位置;在有限空间运动状态下设备性能良好;研制的设备可以实现人员生理状态的实时无创监测与预警。     

基于DDS技术的双通道信号发生器设计研究

为了调节两路相同频率正弦信号之间的相位差,采用DDS技术设计了相位关系可调的双通道信号发生器.该信号发生器的输出频率范围为0H z-150MH z,频率分辨率为1μH z,相位调节范围为0°~360°,分辨率为0.022°.它不仅可输出两路相同频率、相位差可调的正弦信号,而且可分别作为两路独立的可调频、调幅、调相的信号发生器使用.     

1种抑制巷道信号NLOS的矿井RSSI高精度定位算法*

在RSSI（Received Signal Strength Indication）测距定位技术中,为抑制巷道信号NLOS（Non Line of Sight）传输对定位结果的影响,提出信号指纹定位和几何优化算法。在离线阶段利用高斯滤波最大值加权法和最小二乘法建立符合矿井巷道环境的无线信号测距模型,设计改进卡尔曼滤波器平滑处理离线信号值,抑制巷道信号NLOS传输带来的影响,建立离线信号指纹库;在线定位阶段,利用加权K最近邻法（WKNN）将定位目标接收到的信号值与指纹库中的信号值进行匹配,将匹配到的最优信号值参与测距定位计算,最后通过几何优化算法将定位结果归一化处理,使其符合一维定位分布。结果表明:所提算法的平均定位误差为0.9 m,相比于高斯滤波最大值加权法、经典卡尔曼滤波指纹定位算法和改进卡尔曼滤波指纹定位方法,其平均误差分别减小2.36,1.17,0.35 m。所提算法能够有效抑制巷道信号NLOS传输对RSSI测距定位的影响,可实现RSSI方法在矿井NLOS环境中的有效应用。     

基于云模型的城轨信号系统安全保障能力评价方法*

为准确评价城轨信号系统安全保障能力及影响因素,基于云理论对定性与定量因素的良好融合优点,构建城轨信号系统安全保障能力评价云模型及评价指标体系,采用组合赋权法对各指标赋予权重,并基于专家意见,利用正向云发生器生成标准云。结果表明:该云模型具有一定稳定性和可靠性,可对城轨信号系统安全保障能力进行有效测评,同时能够发现安全运营中的缺陷,有助于协助管理方进行针对性改善,以提高城轨信号系统的安全保障能力。     

飞行装备ARMA滤波的电磁防护方法分析

在复杂电磁环境下,飞行装备很容易受到电磁脉冲的干扰而偏离航线或坠毁,为了增加其抗干扰能力,提出了基于ARMA滤波的电磁防护方法.该方法在装备受到电磁干扰无法控制的情况下,根据先期的轨迹和指令,通过ARMA滤波器算法,自动产生控制指令,用来剔除并更换掉无效的控制指令,使飞行装备在复杂电磁环境下,继续沿着航线飞行避免发生坠...     

Resembling a Viper: Implications of Mimicry for Conservation of the Endangered Smooth Snake

The phenomenon of Batesian mimicry, where a palatable animal gains protection against predation by resembling an unpalatable model, has been a core interest of evolutionary biologists for 150 years. An extensive range of studies has focused on revealing mechanistic aspects of mimicry (shared education and generalization of predators) and the evolutionary dynamics of mimicry systems (co‐operation vs. conflict) and revealed that protective mimicry is widespread and is important for individual fitness. However, according to our knowledge, there are no case studies where mimicry theories have been applied to conservation of mimetic species. Theoretically, mimicry affects, for example, frequency dependency of predator avoidance learning and human induced mortality. We examined the case of the protected, endangered, nonvenomous smooth snake (Coronella austriaca) that mimics the nonprotected venomous adder (Vipera berus), both of which occur in the Åland archipelago, Finland. To quantify the added predation risk on smooth snakes caused by the rarity of vipers, we calculated risk estimates from experimental data. Resemblance of vipers enhances survival of smooth snakes against bird predation because many predators avoid touching venomous vipers. Mimetic resemblance is however disadvantageous against human predators, who kill venomous vipers and accidentally kill endangered, protected smooth snakes. We found that the effective population size of the adders in Åland is very low relative to its smooth snake mimic (28.93 and 41.35, respectively).Because Batesian mimicry is advantageous for the mimic only if model species exist in sufficiently high numbers, it is likely that the conservation program for smooth snakes will fail if adders continue to be destroyed. Understanding the population consequences of mimetic species may be crucial to the success of endangered species conservation. We suggest that when a Batesian mimic requires protection, conservation planners should not ignore the model species (or co‐mimic in Mullerian mimicry rings) even if it is not itself endangered. Implications of mimicry for Conservation of the endangered smooth snake     

基于微电荷法的烟气颗粒物浓度检测技术及其应用

目前针对烟气颗粒物浓度的检测方法较多，但均存在不足。详细分析了基于微电荷法的烟气颗粒物浓度检测技术的基本原理和关键的技术难点，介绍了由于微处理器、数字电子技术和材料科学等的飞速发展带来的技术革新，技术的进步为其应用开拓了更为广泛的应用领域并逐步在工业场合得到推广。     

一种低功耗高性能数据采集数字处理平台的设计

目的构建一套基于中频信号基带数字信号处理的软件无线电平台。方法通过选择芯片设计硬件电路设计出合适的PCB板。结果主要依据软件无线电平台,提出了一种基于A/D+FPGA+D/A的硬件设计方案,该系统包括了前端的A/D数据采集和后端的D/A模拟数据恢复的详细收发电路原理设计。结论构建了一个从前端数据接收到后端模拟发送的高速基带数字信号处理平台。     

绿灯倒计时信号对驾驶行为的影响

为揭示绿灯倒计时信号对交叉口交通安全的影响,针对不同交通负荷与信号控制方式下的驾驶行为开展研究。选择大连市内的倒计时信号交叉口与非倒计时信号交叉口各2处,开展车辆行驶速度及不良驾驶行为调查。用数理统计方法,对比分析2类交叉口在平峰与高峰时段的车辆行驶速度特性,同时对比分析上述不同条件下闯黄灯及违规变道行为的发生数量。研究表明,绿灯倒计时信号在绿灯时间末期,会诱发一部分驾驶员加速行驶通过交叉口;绿灯倒计时信号在平峰时段对闯黄灯行为数量的影响较小,而对违规变道行为的数量有显著影响。     

A dual-sensor-based method to recognize pipeline leakage and interference signals

During the detection of pipeline leakages, false alarms of leak detection could be markedly reduced if the interference signals resulting from pressure regulating, pump regulating or valve movements could be accurately distinguished. A digital recognition method for interference signals and leakage signals based on a dual-sensor system is proposed in this paper. It is demonstrated that the direction of the signal can be recognized by a cross-correlation calculation between two signals from the dual-sensor, one of which undergoes forward linear interpolation and backward linear interpolation. Based on this theory, the interference signal and the leak signal can be discriminated exactly, and the distance between the two sensors in the dual-sensor system can be considerably reduced without needing to increase the sampling frequency. The monotonicity of the cross-correlation function is demonstrated, and a fast discrimination algorithm based on a binary extreme search method, which decreases the computational load and maintains global optimization, is also proposed. A pre-processing method of the actual signal is proposed to decrease the identity requirement for the two sensors in a dual-sensor system. In the experiment based on artificial signals, the proposed discrimination algorithm could achieve accurate recognition of the abnormal signal, and as such, the theory and application of pipeline leak detection based on dual-sensor systems are extended.